Mountain regions can have different temperature conditions depending on a variety of factors such as altitude, latitude, season, and more. For example, at the top of Everest (8,848 meters), the temperature can drop to -40°C, and the wind can reach speeds of up to 200 km/h. In Death Valley (USA), the temperature can rise to +56°C in the summer. Significant temperature fluctuations at different altitudes can also occur within the same location. For example, on Mount Kilimanjaro (5,895 meters), the temperature can range from -7°C at night to +25°C during the day, and on Elbrus (5,642 meters) from -20°C at night to +10°C during the day.
Fortunately, the human body has a thermoregulation system, that is, homeothermy - the ability of living organisms to maintain a constant body temperature regardless of the temperature of the surrounding environment. The optimal body temperature for humans is about 36.6 degrees Celsius. The human body reacts to changes in the temperature of the external environment depending on the season, time of day, and climatic conditions. In case of overheating, the body starts to produce sweat to cool down. At low temperatures, muscle tremors start, which also helps to increase heat in the body.
It is important to note that all vital human organs, forming the core of the body, are protected by external muscles, the skeleton, subcutaneous fat, and skin. Inside this core, the constant temperature is always maintained at around 36.6 degrees Celsius. Accordingly, reasonable limits for the survival of our body fluctuate in the range of 28.8°C to 42.7°C. In case of a drop or rise in the core body temperature outside these limits, a person can die from overheating or hypothermia.
Critical temperature deviations from the norm in mountain conditions are dangerous for a person, causing heat stroke and dehydration in heat and severe hypothermia in cold. Heat stroke can occur from prolonged exposure to a hot environment, leading to an increase in the core body temperature and various disruptions in the internal organs. Dehydration can occur due to inadequate water intake or excessive sweating. Hypothermia can occur from prolonged exposure to cold temperatures, leading to a decrease in body temperature and various symptoms such as shivering, confusion, and lethargy. Therefore, it is essential to carefully plan and prepare for a mountain hike, taking into account the temperature conditions and possible risks, and follow safety recommendations to avoid adverse effects on the body.
It should be noted that even small deviations in temperature from the norm, while not critical for humans, can lead to discomfort and health deterioration. For example, at low temperatures, but not to critical values, a person may experience trembling, feeling cold, decreased mood, and reduced work capacity. In high temperatures, possible fatigue, dizziness, loss of appetite, and thirst.
To make a mountain hike as comfortable and safe as possible, it is necessary to take into account possible changes in temperature regimes in the mountains and choose the right equipment, including comfortable and functional clothing, footwear, a tent, and a sleeping bag. It is important to take into account that temperatures at high altitudes may be lower than at lower altitudes, so warm clothing must be taken with you. It is also recommended to monitor your condition and not exceed your physical capabilities to avoid unwanted consequences from overheating, hypothermia, and dehydration.
Before starting a hike, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the weather forecast and temperature conditions on the route. If low temperatures are expected on the route, warm clothing must be chosen to protect against cold. In addition, it should be taken into account that the temperature can change sharply at high altitude, so the presence of clothing of various thicknesses and degrees of protection against cold is necessary.
When hiking in hot weather, it is necessary to choose lightweight and breathable clothing that will protect against the sun and allow the skin to breathe. It is also necessary to wear a head covering that will protect against the sun's rays. The head is one of the main areas through which body thermoregulation occurs. A head covering helps to retain heat in low temperatures and protects against sunstroke. Have enough water with you to avoid dehydration.
In addition, when hiking, it is necessary to monitor your health and react to changes in temperature conditions. If you feel hot, try to take cover in the shade or find another way to cool your body. If, on the contrary, the feeling of cold becomes unpleasant, it is necessary to wear warm clothing and, if possible, take cover from the wind.
It is also important not to forget about proper nutrition, including water intake. It is necessary to drink enough water to avoid dehydration. In addition, it is necessary to take into account that at high altitude, antipyretic drugs and alcohol can have a negative effect on health, so their use should be limited.
In conclusion, it can be said that a mountain hike can be very interesting and beneficial for one's health, but it requires a certain level of preparation and attentiveness from the person.
